Freud psychosexual stages of development Research Proposal

Freud psychosexual stages of development - Research Proposal Example The mouth, anus and genital regions are the three major zones that Freud identified. The theory looks at the effects of sexual pleasure drive on a person’s psyche. A person cannot proceed to the next stage if the current stage’s developmental conflicts have not been resolved. This paper seeks to analyze the progression of a child through the five stages that result into a healthy or unhealthy person. The oral stage is the first Freud stage begins when the child is born up to when it is about one and a half years. The oral cavity or rather the mouth is the main focus of libido energy. The child accepts anything that comes close to its mouth and has great pleasure in sucking (Phillip, 2002: p224). The child also expects to be held, cared for and mothered. If a child doesn’t receive these services from the mother or the services were denied before the stage was over, the child is likely to get frustrated and will grow up to be pessimist, envious, sarcastic and suspicious. If the child on the other hand got an excess of these needs, it will grow to be optimistic, gullible and will always admire the individual in him. Weaning brings the stage to an end (Theo, 2000: p1). This is the second stage that takes place between one and a half years to three years. The erogenous zone at this stage is the anus and the child’s focus is on the retention and elimination of faeces. The parent’s child takes quite sometime in training the child on toilet issues trying to ensure that the child learns to control its anal stimulations. A child that doesn’t receive enough training in the field is more likely to be obsessed on perfection, cleanliness, meticulous, etc. On the other hand, a child who receives excess training is more likely to be messy, careless, reckless, disorganized, defiant, etc (Phillip, 2002: p224). The third stage occurs between the third and the sixth year. The erogenous zone at

Db4 team and leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Db4 team and leadership - Research Paper Example To ensure that every member is heard and given the required opportunity, the manager can consider taking various steps. They include improving effectiveness of communication among the members, fostering understanding, boosting members self-esteem, encouraging suggestions and inputs, organizing team’s and individual roles, offering rewards and recognition. The first step involves improving communication among the members and their leaders. Effective communication enhances understanding and appreciation among the members. It improves interactions among the members and thus creates better opportunities to support coordination. The manager should then develop various strategies to ensure that everyone understand that the ultimate goals can only be achieved through effective coordination and teamwork’s contributions. Such an understanding would encourage members to value and respects everyone’s contributions and roles. Low self-esteem contributed by conflicts, and poor coordination can cause a detrimental impact and affect achievement of the set objectives (Rapoport & Bailyn, 1996). The manager must motivate every member to play a role in the teams. Conflicts and low-esteem can be eliminated through organizing for regular meetings and appreciating everyone’s efforts. It is also beneficial to ensure that everyone understands his roles and expectations. A standard performance measure should be developed to evaluate the contributions of every member. The effort will help eliminate conflicts because everyone will be expected to meet the minimum requirements (Clutterbuck, 2007). Finally, it is beneficial to offer rewards and recognition to the good performers. Rewarding and recognizing good performances encourage everyone to aim